Reading – Music

Since then white singers (7) ____ Bob Dylan have rediscovered their own folk tradition, instead of borrowing from black roots.

until their style was (6) ____ to his for them to imitate him.

I found out (5) ____ that they learn to do this by playing his records over and over again until their style was […] to his for them to imitate him.

Jazz has always been considered (4) ____ black music but when I first took an interest in it I used to hear white bands playing music that was like Louis Armstrong’s in the 1920s.

or (3) ____ that is hard to say what it really is.

So (2) ____ different types of music have been called jazz at one time

It has always been difficult for me to decide (1) ____ “popular music” means music written for the people or it is simple music that the people like.

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed …

Ca Tru was first performed _______.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed …

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

by blind street singers (2) _______ their living.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics …

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or corner where large numbers of people pass.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music …

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers.

Xam - A Tale of Vietnamese Folk Music

Xam is known in Viet Nam (1) _______ folk music usually performed by blind street singers (2) _______ their living. As it originated from the working class and poor people, Xam has become an intellectual part of the folks’ cultural life. Its most distinctive (3) _______ lie in the simplicity and popularity of its lyrics which often tell daily-life stories, satirizing and criticizing severely the social evils while highly praising education and humanitarian (4) _______.

Therefore, Xam doesn’t care so much about (5) _______ and stages like other types of traditional arts. Xam singing can be performed (6) _______, on any street or comer where large numbers of people pass. It is so simple that anyone can sing some verses to express their inner (7) _______ on life.

After a long period of (8) _______  , Xam has recently been revitalized by a programme titled “Tale of Xam” performed by master artists of Vietnamese traditional music through their beautiful vocals and talented musical skills.

The artists performed in such a simple way without accompaniment in order to (9) ______ the soul of Xam performed by our forefathers. The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

The effect of the programme could (10) _______ through the joy of audiences and their enthusiastic talks with artists.

Ca Tru was also called “Hat A Dao” or “Hat Noi”. Originally, attractive young female singers entertained men in a relaxed environment, sometimes serving drinks and snacks. Men might have visited a “Hat A Dao” in with friends to celebrate a successful business deal or the birth of a son.

Ca Tru flourished in the 15th century in northern Vietnam when it was popular with the royal palace and a favourite hobby of aristocrats and scholars.

Later, it was performed in communal houses, inns, and private homes, and gained its high popularity.

These performances were mostly for men. When men entered a Ca Tru inn, they purchased bamboo tally cards. In Chinese Vietnamese, “tru” means “card”, and “ca” means “song” in Vietnamese, so the name Ca Tru means tally card songs. The tallies were given to the singers in appreciation for the performance. After the performance each singer received payment in proportion to the number of cards received.

Ca Tru requires at least three performers. The singer is always a woman and plays the “phach”, an instrument made of wood or bamboo that is beaten with two wooden sticks. A musician accompanies the singer on the “dan day”, a long-necked lute with three silk strings and 10 frets. There is also a drummer or “trong chau”. The drummer shows his approval of the singer or the songs depending on how he hits the drum. If he likes a song, he might hit the side of the drum twice. The “dan day” player must follow the rhythm of the “phach”. His instrument, the “dan day”, is only used in Ca Tru and is now made almost exclusively for sale to tourists.

Ca Tru was first performed _______.