Giới hạn của hàm số

Bước 1:

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } \left( {{x^3} - x + 1} \right)\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } {x^3}.\left( {1 - \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{x^3}}}} \right)\end{array}\)

Bước 2:

\( =  + \infty \)

Vì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } \left( {1 - \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{x^3}}}} \right) = 1\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } {x^3} =  + \infty \).

Bước 1:

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {{x^3} - 4{x^5} + 2x + 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^5}\left( { - 4 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} + \dfrac{2}{{{x^4}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{x^5}}}} \right)\).

Bước 2:

Do \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^5} =  - \infty ;\)\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( { - 4 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} + \dfrac{2}{{{x^4}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{x^5}}}} \right) =  - 4 < 0\)

\( \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^5}\left( { - 4 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} + \dfrac{2}{{{x^4}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{x^5}}}} \right) =  + \infty \)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \dfrac{5}{{x - 1}} =  - \infty \)

Vì \(x - 1 < 0\) và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \left( {x - 1} \right) = 0\) khi \(x \to {1^ - }\).

Hàm số \(y = f\left( x \right)\) có giới hạn là số \(L\) khi \(x\) dần tới \({x_0}\) kí hiệu là \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} f\left( x \right) = L\).

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \sqrt {\dfrac{{9{x^2} - x}}{{\left( {2x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^4} - 3} \right)}}}  \)

\(= \sqrt {\dfrac{{{{9.3}^2} - 3}}{{\left( {2.3 - 1} \right)\left( {{3^4} - 3} \right)}}}  = \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 5 }} = \dfrac{{\sqrt 5 }}{5}\)

Giả sử \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} f\left( x \right) = L,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} g\left( x \right) = M\). Khi đó: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left[ {f\left( x \right) + g\left( x \right)} \right] = L + M\)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \sqrt 3 } \left| {{x^2} - 4} \right| = \left| {{{\left( {\sqrt 3 } \right)}^2} - 4} \right| = 1\)

Số \(L\) là: + giới hạn bên phải của hàm số \(y = f\left( x \right)\) kí hiệu là \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ + } f\left( x \right) = L\)

               + giới hạn bên trái của hàm số \(y = f\left( x \right)\) kí hiệu là \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ - } f\left( x \right) = L\)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {x - {x^3} + 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^3}\left( {\dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 1 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^3}}}} \right) =  + \infty \) vì \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^3} =  - \infty \\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {\dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 1 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^3}}}} \right) =  - 1 < 0\end{array} \right..\)

Ta có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} f\left( x \right) = L \Leftrightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ + } f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to x_0^ - } f\left( x \right) = L\)

Vì \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} \left( {x - 15} \right) =  - 13 < 0\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} \left( {x - 2} \right) = 0\\x - 2 > 0,\forall x > 2\end{array} \right.\) \( \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {2^ + }} \dfrac{{x - 15}}{{x - 2}} =  - \infty \)

Ta có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  \pm \infty } c = c,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  \pm \infty } \dfrac{c}{{{x^k}}} = 0\) nên đáp án A đúng.

Ta có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } f\left( x \right) =  + \infty  \Leftrightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } \left[ { - f\left( x \right)} \right] =  - \infty \)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 1}  + x} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } x\left( {\sqrt {1 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}}}  + 1} \right) =  + \infty \) vì \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty } x =  + \infty \\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  + \infty} \sqrt {1 + \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}}}  + 1 = 2 > 0\end{array} \right..\)

Ta có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^k} =  + \infty \) nếu \(k\) chẵn và \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^k} =  - \infty \) nếu \(k\) lẻ.

Do đó, vì \(n = 2k + 1,k \in N\) là số nguyên dương lẻ nên \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^n} =  - \infty \)

\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \sqrt {3{x^2} + 1}  = \sqrt {{{3.1}^2} + 1}  = 2\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {{x^2} + 3x - 1} \right)\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^2}\left( {1 + \dfrac{3}{x} - \dfrac{1}{{{x^2}}}} \right) =  + \infty \end{array}\)

Bước 1:

\(\begin{array}{l}a{x^2} + bx - 5\\ = (ax + a + b)(x - 1) + a + b - 5\end{array}\)

Bước 2:

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \dfrac{{a{x^2} + bx - 5}}{{x - 1}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left( {ax + a + b + \dfrac{{a + b - 5}}{{x - 1}}} \right) = 20\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a.1 + b + a = 20\\a + b - 5 = 0\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{a = 15}\\{6 =  - 10}\end{array}} \right.\\ \Rightarrow P = {a^2} + {b^2} - a - b = 320\end{array}\)

Bước 1:

Đặt \(g\left( x \right) = \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - 2}}{{x - 1}} \Rightarrow f\left( x \right) = \left( {x - 1} \right)g\left( x \right) + 2\)

\( \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \left[ {\left( {x - 1} \right)g\left( x \right) + 2} \right] = 2\).

Bước 2:

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - 2}}{{\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\left[ {f\left( x \right) + 1} \right]}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - 2}}{{x - 1}}.\dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left[ {f\left( x \right) + 1} \right]}}\\ = 12.\dfrac{1}{{2.\left( {2 + 1} \right)}} = 2\end{array}\)