Giải phương trình $1 + \cos x + \cos 2x + \cos 3x = 0$.

 $\begin{array}{l}\,\,\,\,\,1 + \cos x + \cos 2x + \cos 3x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {1 + \cos 2x} \right) + \left( {\cos x + \cos 3x} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2{\cos ^2}x + 2\cos 2x\cos x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2\cos x\left( {\cos x + \cos 2x} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\cos x = 0\\\cos x + \cos 2x = 0\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \dfrac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\\cos 2x =  - \cos x = \cos \left( {\pi  - x} \right)\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \dfrac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\2x = \pi  - x + k2\pi \\2x = x - \pi  + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \dfrac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\3x = \pi  + k2\pi \\x =  - \pi  + k2\pi \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \dfrac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\x = \dfrac{\pi }{3} + \dfrac{{k2\pi }}{3}\\x =  - \pi  + k2\pi \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \dfrac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\x = \dfrac{\pi }{3} + \dfrac{{k2\pi }}{3}\end{array} \right.\end{array}$

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là: $x = \dfrac{\pi }{2} + k\pi$, $x = \dfrac{\pi }{3} + \dfrac{{k2\pi }}{3}$.