Rút gọn $P$  ta được

ĐK: $\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x^2} + 3x - 4 \ne 0\\x + 4 \ne 0\\1 - x \ne 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 4} \right) \ne 0\\x \ne 1\\x \ne  - 4\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x \ne 1\\x \ne  - 4\end{array} \right..$

$\begin{array}{l}P = \dfrac{{10x}}{{{x^2} + 3x - 4}} - \dfrac{{2x - 3}}{{x + 4}} + \dfrac{{x + 1}}{{1 - x}}\\ = \dfrac{{10x}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 4} \right)}} - \dfrac{{2x - 3}}{{x + 4}} - \dfrac{{x + 1}}{{x - 1}}\\ = \dfrac{{10x - (2x - 3)(x - 1) - (x + 1)(x + 4)}}{{(x - 1)(x + 4)}}\\ = \dfrac{{10x - 2{x^2} + 2x + 3x - 3 - {x^2} - 4x - x - 4}}{{(x - 1)(x + 4)}}\\ = \dfrac{{ - 3{x^2} + 10x - 7}}{{(x - 1)(x + 4)}}\\ =  - \dfrac{{ - (x - 1)(3x - 7)}}{{(x - 1)(x + 4)}}\\ = \dfrac{{ - 3x + 7}}{{x + 4}}.\end{array}$                        

Vậy $P = \dfrac{{ - 3x + 7}}{{x + 4}}$ với $x \ne 1;x \ne -4$