Quan Ho - Typical Northern Vietnamese music

It is hard to talk about the origin of Quan Ho singing, but it was first (26)   _______ in the 13^rd century. Quan Ho is a singing battle where “lien chi” (female singers) sing “cau ra” (a challenge phrase), then “lien anh” (male singers) will (27) _______ by selecting and singing “cau doi” (a matching phrase). The order will be (28) _______ in the next time.

(29) _______ Quan Ho was unaccompanied by instruments but only (30)   _______ of singers to compose rhythm. Quan Ho performances today are accompanied by some (31) _______ instruments, such as monochord or bamboo flute, etc. Themes of most of the songs are love songs with romantic and sentimental lyrics which have been (32) _______ by (33) _______.

Quan Ho songs possess the spirit of local people and help tighten (34) _______ among villages. Quan Ho singing is an old Vietnamese type of art that needs (35) _______.

but only (30)  _______ of singers to compose rhythm.