In most exams you are not permitted to use a dictionary (7) _____ you are allowed to use one, it is very time-consuming to look up words, and time in exams is usually limited.

Furthermore, many dying languages can be hard to (10)_____ if their tradition was mostly oral, with few written records ever in existence.

We can see examples in immigrant communities (9)_____ New York to South Africa.

In (8) ____ cases, languages may decline or die in situ, but may be holding tenuously on in another environment.

Numerous examples exist in North America, where (6) ______ people, now known as First Nations’ people, have (7) ____ lost or are in grave danger of losing any working knowledge of their mother tongue.

Numerous examples exist in North America, where (6) ______ people, now known as First Nations’ people,  …

Often, this translated into suppressing the native culture's (5)____ tongue.

For example, many cultures have been colonised or otherwise (4) ____ by another culture.