Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: WHY DO LANGUAGES DIE?

In an article recently published in The New Yorker, the issue of endangerd languages is explored in depth. They report a concern that up to half (1)____ today’s living languages are in danger and will be extinct by the end of the 21st century, other than what (2) ____ preserved in archives. This means a language dies on average every four months.

Languages (3) _____ for many reasons. Some are cultural. For example, many cultures have been colonised or otherwise (4) ____ by another culture. Often, this translated into suppressing the native culture's (5)____ tongue. If these conditions lasted long enough, then these languages dwindled, were only spoken in secret or died out altogether.

Numerous examples exist in North America, where (6) ______ people, now known as First Nations’ people, have (7) ____ lost or are in grave danger of losing any working knowledge of their mother tongue.

In (8) ____ cases, languages may decline or die in situ, but may be holding tenuously on in another environment. We can see examples in immigrant communities (9)_____ New York to South Africa. Furthermore, many dying languages can be hard to (10)_____ if their tradition was mostly oral, with few written records ever in existence.

(https://www. communicaid.com/business-language-courses/blog/why-are-languages-dying)

*in situ: in the original or correct place.   

Languages (3) _____ for many reasons.

IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES

1. It was very nice _________________ you to prepare and serve meals for the homeless.

2. He was very nice _________________ me. He was willing to take care ___________ my house while I was away.

3. “I’ve bought the Christmas tree you wanted.” – “Oh, thanks – that’s really kind ________ you .

4. Should you be kind _____________ him? He will forget your kindness __________ him.

5. Please be considerate _______________ your next-door neighbors. Never turn the TV up after midnight.

6. It was very considerate _______________ him to send her mother a bouquet of flowers ____________ Mother’s Day.

7. Many people decorate their homes ____________ Christmas. They buy Christmas trees and decorate them _________________ electric lights and ornaments.

8. Children believe that a fat, jolly man brings gifts____________ Christmas Eve. ________ Christmas morning, they look under the Christmas tree or in their stockings ______________ gifts ________________ him.

9. _____________________ Christmas Day, Christians go to church and sing joyful songs.

10. The shops are always crowded ___________________ Christmastime.

11. Would you like to go to Paris with us ____________________ Christmas today?

12. By tradition, people send greetings cards to their relatives and friends ____________ Tet. 13. Tet Trung Thu or the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated every year _________________ August 15th.

14. Passover is celebrated _________________ late March or early April.

15. Vietnamese people always have big celebrations ____________________ New Year.

16. Bye. Don’t forget our plans. Let’s see each other ___________________ the New Year.

17. _________________ Easter Sunday, young children receive some small chocolate eggs.

18. Easter egg hunts are popular _____________________ Easter.

19. Bob’s father is different ____________________ Jack’s in character and height.

20. They look much alike. We can’t distinguish one twin __________________ the other.

21. Rita was proud _________________ her success in her youth.

22. Here you are ________ last! I’ve been so worried! Thank goodness you’ve arrived safely. 23. Let me congratulate you _____________________ your excellent exam results.

24. Most girls are afraid ___________________ going out alone _______________ night.

25. We sometimes go to the theatre or the opera _________________ a friend ____________ Sunday nights.

26. It rained heavily _________________________ the night.

27. _______________________ the first night of my stay in Paris, I couldn’t get to sleep.

28. Were you satisfied ______________________ your last Christmas?

29. He was late _____________________ the show due _________________ the traffic jam. 30. This generous present was given _________________ me ________________ my parents ____________________ my 18th birthday.

31. The Youth Cultural House _____________________ Pham Ngoc Thach Street is open ___________________ public holidays.

32. What lessons can you draw _____________________ that serious mistake?

33. I am permitted to stay up late ___________________ late-night horror movies.

34. Do you often fly to Asian countries _____________ business or ____________ pleasure? 35. I have to help mum _____________ her household chores while she is __________ work. 36. Sorry, I have no time to talk to you ____________ the moment – I’m __________a hurry. 37. Thanks ____________ the present! I have always dreamt _____________ a pet goldfish!

38. We will go ________________ a trip ___________________ the museum next week.

39. I wish I could afford to go ______________ a tour ________________ Southern Vietnam.

40. Volunteers are ready to help people ______________ need _______________ being paid.

MN GIÚP TỚ VỚI Ạ