Cho hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a{x^2} + bx\,\,khi\,\,x \ge 1\\2x - 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,khi\,\,x < 1\end{array} \right.\). Tìm $a, b$ để hàm số có đạo hàm tại $x = 1.$

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \left( {a{x^2} + bx} \right) = a + b = f\left( 1 \right)\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \left( {2x - 1} \right) = 1\end{array}\)

Để hàm số liên tục tại $x = 1$ thì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} f\left( x \right) = f\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow a + b = 1\,\,\,\left( 1 \right)\)

Khi đó ta có: \(f'\left( 1 \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 1 \right)}}{{x - 1}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 1 \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \dfrac{{a{x^2} + bx - \left( {a + b} \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \dfrac{{a\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right) + b\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \left[ {a\left( {x + 1} \right) + b} \right] = 2a + b\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 1 \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \dfrac{{2x - 1 - \left( {a + b} \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \dfrac{{2x - 2}}{{x - 1}} = 2\end{array}\)

Để hàm số có đạo hàm tại $x = 1$ thì \(f'\left( 1 \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ + }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 1 \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {1^ - }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 1 \right)}}{{x - 1}} \Leftrightarrow 2a + b = 2\,\,\,\left( 2 \right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a + b = 1\\2a + b = 2\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 1\\b = 0\end{array} \right.\)