The film started then we got to the cinema → By the time

The film started, and then we got to the cinema(by the time)

→ By the time we got to the cinema, the film had started.

- By the time + QKĐ, QKHT

⇒ Cấu trúc: QKĐ

+) S + V(ed / cột 2) 

-) S + didn't + V 

?) Did + S + V? 

`=>` Cấu trúc thì QKHT 

+) S + had + V-pp 

-) S + hadn't + V-pp

?) Had + S + V-pp?

The film started then we got to the cinema

→ By the time we arrived at the place, the man had already left.

                                                                                    thì QKHT    

-Dấu hiệu để nhận biết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (past perfect): By the time