nguyên tử z có tổng số hạt bằng 58 và có khối nhỏ hơn 40 .Xác thành phần cấu tạo của nguyên tử z.Đó là nguyên tử của nguyên tố nào

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Ta có: p + e + n =58 và p+n < 40

=>2p + n = 58 .

=> 3p ≤58 ≤ 3,52p

=> 16,5 ≤p ≤19,3 .

Mà p ∈ Z nên ta có: p = 17;18;19

Khi p =17 =>n = 24 => Z = 41(loại).

Khi Zp= 18 => n= 22 => Z = 40(loai).

Khi p = 19 => N = 20 => Z = 39(TM)

Vậy Z là Kali ( K)

Đáp án: Kali

Giải thích các bước giải:

Gọi p là số hạt proton, n là số hạt nơtron

Ta có 2p + n = 58

Luôn có p ≤ n ≤ 1,5p → 3p ≤ 2p + n ≤ 3,5 p → 58/3,5≤ p ≤ 58/3

→ 16,5 ≤ p ≤ 19,3 mà p là số nguyên → p = 17, p= 18, p = 19

Nếu p = 17 → n = 24 . Có A= p + n= 41 > 40 → Loại

Nếu p = 18 → n = 22 . Có A= p + n= 40 → loại

Nếu p = 19 → n= 20 . Có A= p + n = 39 < 40 thỏa mãn.

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