Tìm $a, b$ để hàm số \(f\left( x \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a{x^2} + bx + 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,khi\,\,x \ge 0\\a\sin x + b\cos x\,\,\,\,khi\,\,x < 0\end{array} \right.\)  có đạo hàm tại điểm \({x_0} = 0\).

Để hàm số có đạo hàm tại $x = 1$ thì trước hết hàm số phải liên tục tại $x = 1.$

Ta có: \(f\left( 0 \right) = 1\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} \left( {a{x^2} + bx + 1} \right) = 1 = f\left( 0 \right)\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} \left( {a\sin x + b\cos x} \right) = b\end{array}\)

Để hàm số liên tục tại $x = 1$ thì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} f\left( x \right) = f\left( 0 \right) \Leftrightarrow b = 1\)

Khi đó ta có: \(f'\left( 0 \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 0 \right)}}{{x - 0}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 0 \right)}}{{x - 0}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} \dfrac{{a{x^2} + x + 1 - 1}}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} \left( {ax + 1} \right) = 1\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 0 \right)}}{{x - 0}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} \dfrac{{a\sin x + \cos x - 1}}{x} \\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} \dfrac{{2a\sin \dfrac{x}{2}\cos \dfrac{x}{2} - 2{{\sin }^2}\dfrac{x}{2}}}{x} \\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} \dfrac{{\sin \dfrac{x}{2}}}{{\dfrac{x}{2}}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} \left( {a\cos \dfrac{x}{2} - 2\sin \dfrac{x}{2}} \right) = a\end{array}\)

Để tồn tại \(f'\left( 0 \right) \) \(\Leftrightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ + }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 0 \right)}}{{x - 0}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {0^ - }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 0 \right)}}{{x - 0}} \Leftrightarrow a = 1.\)