viết đoạn văn trình bày hệ xương bằng tiếng anh

Bone system • Skeletal system is a collection of bones of the body forming a sturdy skeleton with main mechanical functions • Human skeleton consists of 206 bones, most even bones include: o Axial bones include: 23 skull bones and face, 26 spine, 25 thoracic bone o The accessory bones include: 64 upper limb bones, 62 lower extremities and 6 atrial bones (hammer, incus, atrium ...). In addition, there are some regional bones in the tendons and some other abnormal bones • Bone function: o Supporting Mobility Protection Hematopoietic and metabolic: Bone marrow is the place where red blood cells and white blood cells are produced, Platelet. The bone marrow is also a storage place for fat. Bone is a storage place for mineral salts such as calcium phosphorus. GRAPHICS AND GENERAL STRUCTURE OF TYPES OF BIRD TYPES 1. Classification: • In terms of appearance: o Long bones: cylindrical, femur, forearm .. Short bones: wrist bones, vertebrae, heel bone… o Flat bone: shoulder bone, sternum, arch of skull… .Other bones include: sesame bone (bones located in tendons or covering joints like kneecap), unstable bones ( jaw bone above temporal bone sieve bone), air bone (frontal bone, jaw bone, butterfly body) contain air inside • Histologically: based on bone structure, divided into 2 types or the periosteal bone is made up of the periosteal. o The Havers bone or the cartilage is made up of the bone marrow, including: the dense Haves bone: is composed of the Havers system. These are cylindrical masses of bone formed by concentric leaves that rotate around a tube called the Havers tube. The havers tube is the pathway of the blood vessels in the bone. xốp Spongy Havers bones: bones with large sockets of the marrow that are interconnected, separated not completely by a few bone leaves2. General structure: o Long skeletal structure: consists of tubular body and two large bulge heads, which are bone head.o Short skeletal structure: Spongy Havers bone, thin peripheral part is skeletal bone.o Flat bone structure and hard to shape bones: -The arch of skull is made up of two dense bones called plates, in the middle of the two layers is porous Havers bones. The periosteal covers only the outer plate of the outer plate - Some hard-to-shape bones have sinuses or air cavities.3. Microstructure: includes 3 main components: o Basic substance Bone cells. II. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOUR SYSTEM 1. Hoá There are two opposite processes in parallel going together: bone synthesis and destruction of bone or cartilage. a. : the base of connective tissue absorbs calcium and turns into bone tissue. These bones are called the periosteal bone like the arch of the skull, most of the face of the face • Primary stage (which occurs mainly in the embryonic period): first bone formation (primary bone) replaces connective tissue • Stage secondary catabolism: occurring after birth. Creation of secondary bone to replace primary bone b. Cartilage model consolidation: the basic substance of connective tissue absorbs cartilagen into cartilage. The cartilage is destroyed and is replaced by the immature connective tissue that gradually turns into bone. • The primary osteopathy stage o The cartilage membrane differentiates into the periosteal membrane, creating the skeletal leaves that cover the cartilage but 2 ends cartilage model o The emergence of primary osteopathy: blood vessels and bone cells (osteoclasts and osteoblasts) from the periosteal enter the cartilage model center o Osteoclasts destroy calcium-contaminated part , Creating osteoblasts create bone leaves to cover the surface of the calcium-contaminated cartilage fragments that create bones in cartilage o Bones in cartilage are destroyed, the secondary stage creates bone marrow canal o From the bone marrow center: blood vessels and connective tissue advance to the 2 ends of the cartilage model to destroy cartilage replacement o KQ: a solid piece of cartilage turns into a bone canal, the two ends are sealed by 2 cartilage nodes, between the long cavity is the canal containing bone marrow o The middle of the body of the bone is a region called the ossification zone with layers in order: cartilage layer, cartilage layer, hypertrophic cartilage layer, calcium-contaminated cartilage layer, bone cartilage layer o At the top of tissue cartilage: later primary ossification o The appearance of the ossification center in the center of the cartilage model and spreads from the central region around the cartilage mass o KQ: cartilage mass center is a cavity containing bone marrow, around the ossification and peripheral regions with layers of inner cartilage, cartilage lined… o Between the head and the body, there is cartilage attached by cartilage. Skeletal cartilage disappears in adulthood when the periosteal is fully formed. • Secondary ossification stage o In the body of the bone: tạo To form the Havers bone system. The skeletal membrane forms the bone leaves on the outer surface.  Inside blood vessels and destroying osteoblasts from the canal to the solid bone, destroying the skeletal bone, creating tubular tunnels called the Howship gap, together with concentric leaf-forming osteoblasts forming into the Howship void Havers canal wall then forms the Havers system. Outside of the bone stem there are some skeletal leaves that form the basic system  When the canal is no longer enlarged, the bone marrow is formed, creating a number of bony leaves in the inner part of the bone, creating the inner system o At the base of the bone  The bone in the cartilage is gradually destroyed, replacing the spongy Havers, except the peripheral is the skeletal bone and the joint is the cartilage The long bone due to the playdevelopment of cartilage, bone enlargement due to periosteal. 2. Growth. toughness in adults. The effect of hGH is to make people younger, thinner skin, bones stronger, more full and make the immune system better. HGH also helps maintain memory in adults. TYPES OF COILS • Dynamic joints: are joints that can move the majority of bones • Semi-kinetic joints are between bones that have a joint and a sac, but the fibrous sac is uncoated. Such synovial synapses transitions between motion and motionless: e.g., pubic spondylolisthesis • Immovable joints: e.g., arched bones are of three types: o Fibrous immobilized joints: Links of continuous bones through connective tissue Classification: • Divided according to the shape of the joint • Divided by connective tissue properties Cartilage immobilization: this type of bonding the two bones together, this cartilage is linked to the outer lining. Due to the flexibility of cartilage, this joint is not as strong as the immobilized joint o Osteoporotic joint: The cartilage or fiber between bones is replaced by bone tissue causing the bones to stick together into a solid mass such as joints Elderly dome