nhờ anh chị chuyên hóa Cho 9,4 gam một oxit M2O tan hoàn toàn trong 100ml dung dịch HCl 1M. Cô cạn dung dịch sau phản ứng thì thu được 13,05 gam phần rắn khan. Kim loại M là kim loại nào ? ( Cho M chỉ có hoá trị I )

2 câu trả lời

Đáp án:

$K$

Giải thích các bước giải:

$n_{HCl}=0,1(mol)\\ \text{Giả sử oxit hết}\\ M_2O+2HCl\to 2MCl+H_2O\ (1)\\ \Rightarrow \dfrac{9,4}{2M+16}=\dfrac{13,05}{2(M+35,5)}\\ \Rightarrow M\approx 62,8\ (L)\\ \to \text{Oxit còn phản ứng với nước}\\ M_2O+H_2O\to 2MOH\ (2)\\ n_{M_2O\ (1)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ n_{M_2O\ (2)}=\dfrac{9,4}{2M+16}-0,05\ (mol)\\ n_{MOH}=2.n_{M_2O\ (2)}=\dfrac{9,4}{M+8}-0,1 (mol)\\ n_{MCl_2}=n_{HCl}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 0,1.(M+35,5)+(\dfrac{9,4}{M+8}-0,1).(M+17)=13,05\\ \Rightarrow M=39\\ \to M\ là\ K$

Đáp án:

 \(K\) (kali)

Giải thích các bước giải:

 Phản ứng xảy ra:

\({M_2}O + 2HCl\xrightarrow{{}}2MCl + {H_2}O\) (1)

\({M_2}O + {H_2}O\xrightarrow{{}}2MOH\) (2)

Gọi số mol \(H_2O\) phản ứng ở phương trình (2) là \(x\)

Ta có:

\({n_{HCl}} = 0,1.1 = 0,1{\text{ mol}} \to {{\text{n}}_{{H_2}O(1)}} = \frac{1}{2}{n_{HCl}} = 0,05{\text{ mol}}\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng:

\({m_{{M_2}O}} + {m_{{H_2}O(2)}} + {m_{HCl}} = {m_{rắn}} + {m_{{H_2}O(1)}}\)

\( \to 9,4 + 18{\text{x}} + 0,1.36,5 = 13,05 + 0,05.18 \to x = 0,05{\text{ mol}}\)

\( \to {n_{{M_2}O}} = \frac{1}{2}{n_{HCl}} + {n_{{H_2}O(2)}} = 0,1{\text{ mol}}\)

\( \to {M_{{M_2}O}} = 2{M_M} + {M_O} = 2{M_M} + 16 = \frac{{9,4}}{{0,1}} = 94 \to {M_M} = 39\)

\( \to M:K\) (kali)

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