hòa tan 4,8g Mg vào 1000g dd HCL 7,3% a)Tìm khối lượng chất dư b)Tìm thể tích khí h2 c)Tìm klg muối thu đc

2 câu trả lời

Đáp án:

`a. m_{HCl(dư)} = 58,4g`

`b. V_{H_2} = 4,48l`

`c. m_{MgCl_2} = 19g`

Giải thích các bước giải:

`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2`

`n_{Mg} = (4,8)/24 = 0,2 (mol)`

`m_{HCl} = (1000 . 7,3)/100 = 73 (g)`

`-> n_{HCl} = (73)/(36,5) = 2 (mol)`

`a.`

Lập tỉ số so sánh: `n_{Mg} = (0,2)/1    <    n_{HCl} = 2/2`

`-> Mg` hết. `HCl` dư

`=>` Tính số mol theo `Mg`

Theo phương trình: `n_{HCl} = n_{Mg} . 2 = 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)`

`n_{HCl(dư)} = 2 - 0,4 = 1,6 (mol)`

`-> m_{HCl(dư)} = 1,6 . 36,5 = 58,4 (g)`

`b.`

Theo phương trình: `n_{H_2} =n_{Mg} = 0,2 (mol)`

`-> V_{H_2} = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (l)`

`c.`

Theo phương trình: `n_{MgCl_2} =n_{Mg} = 0,2 (mol)`

`-> m_{MgCl_2} = 0,2 . (24 + 35,5 . 2) = 19 (g)`

Phương trình hóa học :

`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2↑`

`n_{Mg} = {4,8}/{24} = 0,2(mol)`

`m_{HCl} = 1000.7,3% = 73(gam)`

`n_{HCl} = {73}/{36,5} = 2(mol)`

Theo pt : `{0,2}/1 < 2/1`

`=>` `Mg` dư

Theo pt : `n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} = 0,2.2 = 0,4 (mol)`

`n_{Mg dư} = 2 - 0,4 = 1,6(mol)`

`=> m_{HCl} = 1,6.36,5 = 58,4(gam)`

`b)`

Theo pt : `n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,2(mol)`

`=> V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48l`

`c)`

Muối là `MgCl_2`

Theo pt : `n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,2(mol)`

`=> m_{MgCl_2} = 0,2.95 = 19(gam)`

 

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