Gọi x,y là 2 nghiệm của phương trình: x^2-27x+14=0. Đặt S= x^n+y^n CMR: với mọi n thuộc N* thì S thuộc Z và S không chia hết cho 715

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Giải thích các bước giải: \({x^2} - 27x + 14 = 0\) Ta chứng minh \({S_n} = {x^n} + {y^n} \in Z\) bằng quy nạp. Theo định lí Viet ta có : \[\left\{ \begin{array}{l} x + y = 27\\ xy = 14 \end{array} \right.\] Với \(n = 1 \Rightarrow {S_1} = x + y = 27 \in Z.\) Giả sử \({S_k} = {x^k} + {y^k}\) là số nguyên thì \({S_{k - 1}} = {x^{k - 1}} + {y^{k - 1}} \in Z\) Khi đó \(\begin{array}{l} {S_{k + 1}} = {x^{k + 1}} + {y^{k + 1}} = \left( {{x^k} + {y^k}} \right)\left( {x + y} \right) - x{y^k} - {x^k}y\\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 27{S_k} - xy\left( {{x^{k - 1}} + {y^{k - 1}}} \right)\\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 27{S_k} - 14{S_{k - 1}} \in Z\,\,\,\,do\,\left\{ \begin{array}{l} {S_k} \in Z\\ {S_{k - 1}} \in Z \end{array} \right.\,\,\,(dpcm) \end{array}\)

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