Câu 6( 4 điểm): Cho 8g hỗn hợp X gồm 3 kim loại Mg, Al, Fe vào dung dịch chứa 12,7 gam HCl, phản ứng kết thúc thu được dung dich A và 3,36 lít khí (đktc). a, Axit HCl hết hay dư? b, Tính khối lượng muối có trong dung dịch A. c, Cho 8g hỗn hợp trên vào dd H2SO4 dư, phản ứng xong thu đc V lít H2 (đktc). Tính khối lượng H2SO4 cần dùng, biết lượng axit lấy dư 10%.

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$a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)$

$PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2$

$Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2$

$2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$

Từ 3 PT ta có: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{HCl(p/ứ)}=0,3.36,5=10,95(g)<12,7(g)$

Vậy $HCl$ dư

$b,$ Áp dụng định luật BTKL:

$m_{hhX}+m_{HCl(p/ứ)}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{hhX}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối}=8+10,95-0,15.2=18,65(g)$

$c,PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2$

$Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2$

$2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2$

Vì $8g$ hỗn hợp tác dụng $HCl$ ra $0,15(mol)$ $H_2$ nên tác dụng với $H_2SO_4$ cũng ra $0,15(mol)$ $H_2$

Từ 3 PT ta có: $n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4(p/ứ)}=0,15.98=14,7(g)$

$\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4(tt)}=14,7.110\%=16,17(g)$

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