REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES:

1. The next train which leaves the station is to London.

2. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1

3. The man who sat next to me on the train looked gentle.

4.. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt opened a new period in human

development history.

5. I felt sorry for Paul, who was the only child on the block.

6. The car which is running quickly is red color

7. The boy has a ball which he kicks everyday.

Đáp án + giải thích các bước giải:

1. The next train which leaves the station is to London.

=>The next train leaving the station is to London.

2. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1.

=>The road connecting Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1.

3. The man who sat next to me on the train looked gentle.

=>The man sitting next to me on the train looked gentle.

4. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history

 =>The steam engine \ invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history

5. I felt sorry for Paul, who was the only child on the block.

=>I felt sorry for Paul,the only child on the block.

6. The car which is running quickly is red colour.

=>The car running quickly is red colour.

7. The boy has a ball which he kicks everyday.

=>The boy has a ball he kicks everyday.

Dịch:

1Chuyến tàu tiếp theo rời ga là đến London.

2Con đường nối Hà Nội và thành phố Hồ Chí Minh được gọi là Số 1.

3Người đàn ông ngồi cạnh tôi trên tàu trông thật hiền lành.

4Máy hơi nước do James Watt sáng chế đã mở ra một thời kỳ mới trong lịch sử phát triển của loài người

5Tôi cảm thấy tiếc cho Paul, đứa trẻ duy nhất trong khu nhà.

6Xe chạy nhanh có màu đỏ.

7Cậu bé có một quả bóng mà cậu ấy đá hàng ngày.

27. The next train which leaves the station is to London.
=> The next train leaving the station is to London.
28. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1
=>  The road connecting Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1
29. The man who sat next to me on the train looked gentle.
=> The man sitting next to me on the train looked gentle.
30. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history.
=> The steam engine which invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history.
31. I felt sorry for Paul, who was the only child on the block.
=> I felt sorry for Paul, the only child on the block.
32. The car which is running quickly is red color
=> The car running quickly is red color
33. The boy has a ball which he kicks everyday.
=> The boy has a ball for him to kicks everyday.

Giải thích:
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
   - T/h 1: Khi trước danh từ có các từ xác định như: first, second, third, last, next, only… hoặc trong câu có cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất.
  + Rút gọn ĐTQH và động từ thành dạng to V nếu V được chia ở thể chủ động
  Eg: Yuri Gagarin was the first person who flew into space.→ Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly into   space.
  + Rút gọn ĐTQH và động từ thành dạng to be P2  nếu V được chia ở thể bị động
 Eg: This is the second person who was killed in that way. → This is the second person to be killed in that way.
  - T/h 2: Khi trước danh từ không có các từ xác định như: first, second, third, last, next, only…
 + Rút gọn ĐTQH và động từ thành dạng Ving nếu V được chia ở thể chủ động
 Eg: The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.→ The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
 Chú ý: Nếu V là động từ “to be” thì bỏ luôn cả ĐTQH và động từ này chứ không rút gọn nó thành “being”
 Eg: The books (which are) on that shelf are mine.
 + Rút gọn ĐTQH và động từ thành dạng P2  nếu V được chia ở thể bị động
 Eg: They live in a house that was built in 2000. → They live in a house built in 2000.
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