Cho 15,9 gam Na,CO, tác dụng hoàn toàn với dung dịch HSO4 a/ Viết phương trình phản ứng xảy ra. b/ Tính khối lượng muối tạo thành sau phản ứng. c/ Tính thể tích khí CO, sinh ra ở đktc. d/ Toàn bộ khí sinh ra được dẫn vào 400ml dung dịch Ca(OH)2 0,5M thì thu được một kết tủa. Tính khối lượng kết tủa này, biết hiệu suất của phản ứng hấp thụ khí đạt 80% (Cho biết: Na=23, O=16, H=1, S=32 , C=12, Ca=40)

2 câu trả lời

Đáp án:

a)

$Na_2CO_3 + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + CO_2 + H_2O$

$CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$

b)$m_{Na_2SO_4}=21,3g$

c) $V_{CO_2}=3,36(l)$

d)$m_{CaCO_3}=12g$

Giải thích các bước giải:

 $n_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{15,9}{106}=0,15 mol$

Phương trình phản ứng:

$Na_2CO_3 + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + CO_2 + H_2O$

Theo phương trình:

$n_{Na_2SO_4} = n_{CO_2} = n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,15 mol$

$m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,15.142=21,3g$

$V_{CO_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)$

$n_{Ca(OH)_2}=0,4.0,5=0,2 mol$

Phương trình phản ứng:

$CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$

Ta có tỉ lệ: $\frac{n_{CO_2}}{1} < n_{Ca(OH)_2}{1}$

⇒$Ca(OH)_2  dư

$n_{CaCO_3} thực tế =n_{CO_2}.80\% =0,12 mol$

$m_{CaCO_3}=0,12.100=12g$

Đáp án+Giải thích các bước giải:
a) Na2CO3    +       H2SO4         →             Na2SO4        +          CO2           +        H2O

b) Theo đề: n Na2CO3 = m÷M = 15.9 ÷ 106 = 0.15 (mol)

    Theo pt:  n Na2SO4 = n Na2CO3 = 0.15 (mol)

                   m Na2SO4 = n × M = 0.15 × 142 = 21.3(g)

c) Theo pt:  n CO2 = n Na2CO3 = 0.15 (mol)

                  V CO2 = n × 22.4 = 0.15 × 22.4 = 3.36 (l)

d)          CO2      +           Ca(OH)2      →       CaCO3    +       H2O 

      n CO2 = 0.15 (mol) ở trên

400ml = 0.4 l

      n Ca(OH)2 = CM × V = 0.5 × 0.4 = 0.2 (mol)

Lập tỉ lệ : 0.15 ÷ 1  <  0.2 ÷1 ⇒Ca(OH)2 dư, tính theo CO2 

   n CaCO3 = n CO2 = 0.15 (mol)

   m CaCO3 = n × M = 0.15 ×100 = 15 (g )

 Do hiệu suất của phản phản ứng hấp thụ khí đạt 80% nên

   m CaCO3 = (15 ×80) ÷ 100= 18.75 (g)

#milkteanguyen

#Chúc bạn học tốt 

# nhớ vote cho mình 5 sao + ctlhn


 

 

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