Có 100g dung dịch NaOH 5% (dung dịch A). a) Cần phải trộn thêm vào dung dịch A bao nhiêu gam dung dịch NaOH 10% để được dung dịch NaOH 8%? b) Cần hòa tan bao nhiêu gam NaOH vào dung dịch A để có dung dịch A để có dung dịch NaOH 8%? c) Làm bay hơi nước dung dịch A, người ta cũng thu được dung dịch NaOH 8%. Tính khối lượng nước đã bay hơi.

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Đáp án:

Bạn tham khảo lời giải ở dưới nhé!!!

Giải thích các bước giải:

\(\begin{array}{l}
a,\\
{n_{NaOH}}(5\% ) = \dfrac{{100 \times 5}}{{100 \times 40}} = 0,125mol\\
{n_{NaOH}}(10\% ) = \dfrac{{{m_{NaOH}}{\rm{dd}} \times 10}}{{100 \times 40}}mol\\
 \to {n_{NaOH}}(8\% ) = (0,125 + \dfrac{{{m_{NaOH}}{\rm{dd}} \times 10}}{{100 \times 40}})mol\\
 \to C{\% _{NaOH}} = \dfrac{{(0,125 + \dfrac{{{m_{NaOH}}{\rm{dd}} \times 10}}{{100 \times 40}}) \times 40}}{{100 + {m_{NaOH}}{\rm{dd}}}} \times 100 = 8\\
 \to {m_{NaOH}}{\rm{dd}} = 150g
\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}
b,\\
{n_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{{100 \times 5}}{{100 \times 40}} = 0,125mol\\
C{\% _{NaOH}} = \dfrac{{(0,125 + {n_{NaOH}}) \times 40}}{{100 + 40{n_{NaOH}}}} \times 100 = 8\\
 \to {n_{NaOH}} = 0,08mol\\
 \to {m_{NaOH}} = 3,2g
\end{array}\)

c, 

Gọi a là khối lượng nước bay hơi để có dung dịch NaOH 8% 

\(\begin{array}{l}
{n_{NaOH}}(5\% ) = \dfrac{{100 \times 5}}{{100 \times 40}} = 0,125mol\\
 \to {m_{NaOH}} = 5g\\
C{\% _{NaOH}} = \dfrac{5}{{100 - a}} \times 100 = 8\\
 \to a = 37,5g
\end{array}\)

Vậy bay hơi 37,5g nước để có được dung dịch NaOH 8%

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