Bài 4: Cho 2,5g hỗn hợp 2 kim loại Al và Zn vào dung dịch H2 SO4 loãng dư thu được 1972ml khí (đktc). Tính khối lượng từng kim loại trong hỗn hợp Bài 5: Cho 27,36g muối sunfat của kim loại Y tác dụng vừa đủ với 416g dung dịch BaCl2 nồng độ 12%. Lọc bỏ kết tủa thu được 800ml dung dịch muối clorua 2M của kim loại Y. Xác định kim loại Y

2 câu trả lời

$Đáp$ $án$ $+$ $Giải$ $thích$ $các$ $bước$ $giải$ $:$

$Bài$ $4$ $:$

$PTHH$ $:$
$Al$ $+$ $3H_2 SO_4$ $→$ $Al_2 (SO_4)_3$ $+$ $3H_2$ $(1)$

$Zn$ $+$ $H_2 SO_4$ $→$ $ZnSO_4$ $+$ $H_2$ $(2)$

$Gọi$ $n_{Al}$ $=$ $x$ $(mol)$     $(x,y>0)$

          $n_{Zn}$ $=$ $y$ $(mol)$

$⇒$ $27x$ $+$ $65y$ $=$ $2,5$ $(I)$

$n_{H_2}$ $=$ $\frac{1,792}{22,4}$ $=$ $0,08$ $(mol)$

$Theo$ $pt$ $(1,2)$ $:$ $n_{H_2}$ $=$ $\frac{3}{2}×n_{Al}$ $+$ $n_{Zn}$ $=$ $\frac{3}{2}x$ $+$ $y$ $(mol)$

$⇒$ $\frac{3}{2}x$ $+$ $y$ $=$ $0,1$ $(II)$

$Từ$ $(I)$ $,$ $(II)$ $ta$ $có$ $hệ$ $:$ $\left \{ {{\frac{3}{2}x + y = 0,1} \atop {27x + 65y = 2,5}} \right.$

$\left \{ {{y=0,023} \atop {x=0,038}} \right.$ 

$⇒$ $m_{Zn}$ $=$ $0,023×65$ $=$ $1,495$ $(g)$

$⇒$ $m_{Al}$ $=$ $0,038×27$ $=$ $1,026$ $(g)$

$Bài$ $5$ $:$

$Gọi$ $công$ $thức$ $muối$ $sunfat$ $của$ $kim$ $loại$ $Y$ $là$ $:$ $Y_2 (SO_4)_n$

$PTHH$ $:$

$Y_2 (SO_4)_n$ $+$ $nBaCl_2$ $→$ $2YCl_n$ $+$ $nBaSO_4$

$m_{BaCl_2}$ $=$ $\frac{416×12}{100}$ $=$ $49,92$ $(g)$

$n_{BaCl_2}$ $=$ $\frac{49,92}{108}$ $=$ $0,24$ $(mol)$

$Theo$ $pt$ $:$ $n_{Y_2 (SO_4)_n}$ $=$ $\frac{1}{n}n_{BaCl_2}$ $=$ $\frac{0,24}{n}$ $(mol)$

$⇒$ $M_{Y_2 (SO_4)_n}$ $=$ $\frac{27,36}{\frac{0,24}{n}}$ $=$ $114n$ $(\frac{g}{mol})$ 

$⇒$ $2Y$ $+$ $96n$ $=$ $114n$

$⇒$ $Y$ $=$ $9n$

$Xét$ $n$ $=$ $1$ $⇒$ $Y$ $=$ $9$ $(loại)$

$Xét$ $n$ $=$ $2$ $⇒$ $Y$ $=$ $18$ $(loại)$

$Xét$ $n$ $=$ $3$ $⇒$ $Y$ $=$ $27$ $(thoả mãn)$

$⇒$ $Y$ $là$ $Al$ 

$PTHH$ $:$

$Al_2 (SO_4)_3$ $+$ $3BaCl_2$ $→$ $2AlCl_3$ $+$ $3BaSO_4$

$Chúc$ $bn$ $hk$ $tốt$ $!!$ $:))))$

$Xin$ $ctlhn$ $ạ.$

Đáp án:

 

Giải thích các bước giải:

nH2=1,792/22,4=0.08 mol

       PTPU : Zn _+H2SO4-->ZnSO4 + H2  (1)

theo PTPU : 1mol   1mol      1mol      1mol

theo đề bài: x mol ->                       xmol

-> mZn = 65x (2)

      PTPU    2Al + 3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2  (3)    

theo PTPU   2mol    3mol         1mol           3mol

theo đề bài   y mol->                                  1.5ymol

->mAl = 27y (4)

từ 1 , 2 , 3 ,4 => hệ phương trình {65x+27y=2,5

                                                      {x+1.5y=0,08

giải hệ =>x=0,023 y=0,038

thay lần lượt vào  2 và 4 =>mZn=0,023x65=1,495 g và mAl=0,038x27=1,026 g

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