Cho 114g dung dịch H 2 SO 4 20% vào 400g dung dịch BaCl 2 5,2%. Nồng độ % của các chất có trongdung dịch sau phản ứng là?
2 câu trả lời
Đáp án:
`↓`
Giải thích các bước giải:
`m_{H_2SO_4}``=``\frac{C%.mdd}{100%}``=``\frac{20%.144}{100%}``=``28,8` `(g)`
`n_{H_2SO_4}``=``\frac{m}{M}``=``\frac{28,8}{98}``≈``0,23` `(mol)`
`m_{BaCl_2}``=``\frac{C%.mdd}{100%}``=``\frac{5,2%.400}{100%}``=``20,8` `(g)`
`n_{BaCl_2}``=``\frac{m}{M}``=``\frac{20,8}{208}``=``0,1` `(mol)`
`BaCl_2``+``H_2SO_4``→``BaSO_4↓``+``2HCl`
Ban đầu `0,1` `0,23` `mol`
Trong pứng `0,1` `0,1` `0,1` `0,2` `mol`
Sau pứng `0` `0,13` `0,1` `0,2` `mol`
`→``n_{BaSO_4}``=``n_{BaCl_2}``=``0,1` `(mol)`
`m_{BaSO_4}``=``n``.``M``=``0,1``.``233``=``23,3` `(g)`
`m_{sau}``=`$m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}$`+`$m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}$`-``m_{BaSO_4}``=``114``+``400``-``23,3``=``490,7` `(g)`
`→`$m_{H_2SO_4(dư)}$`=``n``.``M``=``0,13``.``98``=``12,74` `(g)`
$C%_{H_2SO_4(dư)}$`=``\frac{m.100%}{m_{sau}}``=``\frac{12,74.100%}{490,7}``≈``2,6%`
`→``n_{HCl}``=``n_{BaCl_2}``=``\frac{0,1.2}{1}``=``0,2` `(mol)`
`m_{HCl}``=``0,2``.``36,5``=``7,3` `(g)`
`C%_{HCl}``=``\frac{m.100%}{m_{sau}}``=``\frac{7,3.100%}{490,7}``≈``1,49%`
$n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{114.20\%}{98}\approx 0,23(mol)$
$n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{400.5,2\%}{208}=0,1(mol)$
$PTHH:BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\to BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl$
Xét tỉ lệ: $n_{BaCl_2}<n_{H_2SO_4}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4$ dư
$\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4(dư)}=0,23-0,1.2=0,03(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1(mol);n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3(g);m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3(g)$
$m_{H_2SO_4(dư)}=0,03.98=2,94(g)$
$\Rightarrow m_{\text{dd sau}}=114+400-23,3=490,7(g)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4(dư)}=\dfrac{2,94}{490,7}.100\%\approx 0,599\%$
$C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{490,7}.100\%\approx 1,49\%$