Đốt 7,75 gam photpho trong oxi dư rồi hấp thụ toàn bộ sản phẩm vào bình đựng 100 gam NaOH 25%. Nồng độ phần trăm các chất trong dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng là

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Đáp án:

C% (NaH2PO4) = 33,21%

C% (Na2HPO4) = 13,1%

Giải thích các bước giải:

 nP = 7,75 : 31 = 0,25 mol

2P + 5O2 → 2P2O5

0,25         →     0,25

nH3PO4 = 2nP2O5 = 0,5 mol

nNaOH = 100 . 25% : 40 = 0,625 mol

$1 < {{{n_{NaOH}}} \over {{n_{{H_3}P{O_4}}}}} = {{0,625} \over {0,5}} = 1,25 < 2$

→ Phản ứng tạo muối NaH2PO4 và Na2HPO4 có số mol lần lượt là x, y

NaOH + H3PO4 → NaH2PO4 + H2O

   x    ←       x        ←       x 

2NaOH + H3PO4 → Na2HPO4 + 2H2O

   2y   ←       y        ←       y

Ta có hpt: $\left\{ \matrix{
  x + y = 0,5 \hfill \cr 
  x + 2y = 0,625 \hfill \cr}  \right. \to \left\{ \matrix{
  x = 0,375 \hfill \cr 
  y = 0,125 \hfill \cr}  \right.$

Khối lượng dung dịch sau phản ứng: 0,25 . 142 + 100 = 135,5 (g)

C% (NaH2PO4) = 0,375 . 120 : 135,5 . 100% = 33,21%

C% (Na2HPO4) = 0,125 . 142 : 135,5 = 13,1%

Đáp án:

15,07% Na2HPO4;17,4%Na3PO4

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